The three pillars of China’s booming start-up ecosystem
Once known as the “world’s factory”, China has risen to become an economic superpower in recent decades. In fact, the nation is expected to become the world’s largest economy in 2027 in terms of nominal GDP. Aside from its sheer size, China has successfully transformed its economy from manufacturing towards nurturing an environment to enable high-tech innovations: It is home to more than 150 unicorns, leading the world in the field of AI, robotics and computer vision, to name just a few. This start-up scene wasn’t built overnight, but through decades of efforts by the Chinese government, state-owned enterprises, large corporations, universities and many more stakeholders. Here is a breakdown of the secret ingredients that have made China a tech powerhouse, through the lens of the World Economic Forum’s own community of trailblazing start-ups, this year’s cohort of the Technology Pioneers. 1. Innovation-friendly policies The Chinese government played a crucial role in laying out foundations for innovation. In 1978, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping lured foreign investments and capital with the Open Door Policy, aimed to encourage foreign businesses to set up offices and do business in China. Alongside this policy, the government also created Special Economic Zones in four different regions, including Shenzhen, to further attract foreign business. The resulting urban growth allowed these cities to position themselves as attractive start-up hubs for the 21st century. The government also created the Chinese Government Guidance Funds to facilitate public-private investment. These funds – collaborations between central, provincial and local government – focus on investment into industries with emerging and high-potential technologies, including AI and robotics, as well as the digital transformation of traditional industries. China’s next five-year plan has highlighted industrial internet and domestic industrial software as key focus areas for government policy. As a result, regional governments are rolling out plans, supported […]